# Brazil's Senate Passes the Core of a Fiscal Package by 45 to 31 as Losses on Bank Loans Rise

The bill aims to save 50 billion to 60 billion reais in 2027. The four largest listed banks booked loan-loss provisions of 49.9 billion reais in the third quarter, a record and more than double their combined profit.

- Published: 2026-11-13T05:14:08.766Z
- Canonical: https://polylog.news/2026-11-13/brazil-s-senate-passes-the-core-of-a-fiscal-package-by-45-to
- Publisher: Polylog (Global desk)
- Section: macro
- Sources: [Agência Brasil](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2026-11/senado-aprova-texto-base-de-pacote-que-preve-economia-de-ate-r-60-bi), [Folha (Mercado)](https://c-level.folha.uol.com.br/financas/2026/11/bancos-tem-despesa-recorde-de-r-499-bilhoes-no-3o-tri-para-cobrir-perdas-esperadas-com-credito.shtml), [InfoMoney](https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/bb-diz-que-nao-culpou-todo-o-agro-por-resultado-e-que-90-dos-clientes-estao-em-dia/), [Folha (Mercado)](https://c-level.folha.uol.com.br/agro/2026/11/entidades-do-agro-criticam-declaracoes-da-direcao-do-banco-do-brasil-sobre-inadimplencia-do-setor.shtml)

After nearly four hours of voting, Brazil's Senate approved the [base text of the government's fiscal adjustment bill](https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2026-11/senado-aprova-texto-base-de-pacote-que-preve-economia-de-ate-r-60-bi) by 45 votes to 31 on Thursday, state news agency Agência Brasil reported. The bill needed 41 votes. It combines spending restraint with higher revenue. The government estimates savings of 50 billion to 60 billion reais.

The bill, known as PLP 299/2026, [cuts tax benefits by another 10%](https://ncnews.com.br/2026/11/12/senado-aprova-texto-base-ajuste-fiscal/). That is the same cut applied at the end of 2025. It also caps real spending growth at 2% in years when cuts are needed to meet the fiscal target. Senators vote on proposed amendments on Tuesday, November 17, and the bill then goes to the Chamber of Deputies. The government says the bill is needed to move the 2027 budget forward. The opposition leader [said it raises taxes without cutting spending](https://www12.senado.leg.br/tv/programas/senado-noticias/2026/11/edicao-da-noite-texto-base-do-ajuste-fiscal-e-aprovado-pelos-senadores), TV Senado reported.

The banking sector is under strain. Folha reported that the four largest listed banks set aside a [record 49.9 billion reais in the third quarter](https://c-level.folha.uol.com.br/financas/2026/11/bancos-tem-despesa-recorde-de-r-499-bilhoes-no-3o-tri-para-cobrir-perdas-esperadas-com-credito.shtml) to cover expected loan losses. That is more than double their combined net profit. Banco do Brasil, the state-controlled bank and the largest lender to agriculture, drew the most attention. Farm groups [criticized comments by its management](https://c-level.folha.uol.com.br/agro/2026/11/entidades-do-agro-criticam-declaracoes-da-direcao-do-banco-do-brasil-sobre-inadimplencia-do-setor.shtml) on rural defaults. The bank then said [90% of its agribusiness clients are current on payments](https://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/bb-diz-que-nao-culpou-todo-o-agro-por-resultado-e-que-90-dos-clientes-estao-em-dia/). It said late payments are concentrated among medium and large soybean, corn and cattle producers in the Center-West region.

The defaults follow a cycle of credit that was subsidized and directed by the state. Cheap rural credit financed expansion at prices for land and crops that have since fallen. High interest rates are now exposing loans that made sense only under easier conditions.

## What this means

Two channels meet here. The fiscal bill shows that the government can still get a majority for revenue measures after the election, which supports the real and local interest rates at the margin. Its reliance on cutting tax benefits rather than structural spending limits its credibility over several years. The banking data show the cost of directed credit as it comes due. The exposed parties are Banco do Brasil shareholders, farm-land values in the Center-West, and bank lending capacity in 2027. The fiscal vote was largely expected. The size of the provisions is new and may not be fully priced into bank stocks. The consensus may treat the agricultural defaults as isolated to a few borrowers. A precedent is the late 2010s, when Brazil's state banks absorbed large losses on directed credit and the Treasury had to recapitalize them or support them through policy changes. The desk's read is that Brazilian banks will likely keep provisions high and slow agricultural lending over the next few quarters, which will press the government to provide rural debt relief. That holds as long as crop prices stay weak and rates stay high. This read is wrong if fourth-quarter provisions fall sharply, which would show the losses peaked in the third quarter.

## What to watch

- The Chamber of Deputies vote on the fiscal bill. Changes that weaken the spending cap would reduce the bill's value to bond investors.
- Any government proposal to renegotiate or relieve rural debt. Relief would move bank losses onto the public budget.
- Banco do Brasil's fourth-quarter provisions. They will show whether the agricultural default cycle is still growing.